ex9-1.c
/* code: ex9-1.c (v1.20.00) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
FILE *fptr;
fptr = fopen ("ex9-1-output.txt", "w");
fprintf (fptr, "The Open University of Japan\n");
fclose (fptr);
return 0;
}
ex9-2.c
/* code: ex9-2.c (v1.20.00) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main ()
{
FILE *fptr;
if (NULL == (fptr = fopen ("ex9-2-output.txt", "w"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: Can not open file [output2.txt]");
exit (-1);
}
fprintf (fptr, "The Open University of Japan\n");
fclose (fptr);
return 0;
}
ex9-3.c
/* code: ex9-3.c (v1.20.00) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define IRIS_DATA "iris.dat"
int main ()
{
FILE *fptr;
float sl, sw, pl, pw;
float s_sl, s_sw, s_pl, s_pw;
char name[128];
int n;
if (NULL == (fptr = fopen (IRIS_DATA, "r"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: Can not open file [%s]", IRIS_DATA);
exit (-1);
}
n = 0;
s_sl = s_sw = s_pl = s_pw = 0.0;
while (EOF != fscanf (fptr, "%f,%f,%f,%f,%s", &sl, &sw, &pl, &pw, name)) {
s_sl += sl;
s_sw += sw;
s_pl += pl;
s_pw += pw;
n++;
}
printf ("iris data : %d\n", n);
printf ("avg. sepal length: %f\n", s_sl / (float) n);
printf ("avg. sepal width : %f\n", s_sw / (float) n);
printf ("avg. petal length: %f\n", s_pl / (float) n);
printf ("avg. petal width : %f\n", s_pw / (float) n);
fclose (fptr);
return 0;
}
q9-1.c
/* code: q9-1.c (v1.20.00) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define IRIS_DATA "iris.dat"
#define MAX_ARRAY 256
struct iris
{
float sl, sw, pl, pw;
char name[128];
};
typedef struct iris IRIS_TYPE;
/* ------------------------------------------- */
int read_iris_data (IRIS_TYPE data[], int num, char *filename)
{
FILE *fptr;
float sl, sw, pl, pw;
char name[128];
int n;
if (NULL == (fptr = fopen (filename, "r"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: Can not open file [%s]", filename);
exit (-1);
}
n = 0;
while (EOF != fscanf (fptr, "%f,%f,%f,%f,%s", &sl, &sw, &pl, &pw, name)) {
data[n].sl = sl;
data[n].sw = sw;
data[n].pl = pl;
data[n].pw = pw;
sprintf (data[n].name, "%s", name);
n++;
if (n >= num) {
fprintf (stderr, "ERROR: Not enough array size");
exit (-1);
}
}
fclose (fptr);
return n;
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
IRIS_TYPE find_iris_avg (IRIS_TYPE data[], int num)
{
IRIS_TYPE avg;
int i;
float s_sl, s_sw, s_pl, s_pw;
s_sl = s_sw = s_pl = s_pw = 0.0;
for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
s_sl += data[i].sl;
s_sw += data[i].sw;
s_pl += data[i].pl;
s_pw += data[i].pw;
}
avg.sl = s_sl / (float) num;
avg.sw = s_sw / (float) num;
avg.pl = s_pl / (float) num;
avg.pw = s_pw / (float) num;
sprintf (avg.name, "%s", "average");
return avg;
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
int main ()
{
int num;
IRIS_TYPE iris_data[MAX_ARRAY];
IRIS_TYPE avg;
num = read_iris_data (iris_data, MAX_ARRAY, IRIS_DATA);
avg = find_iris_avg (iris_data, num);
printf ("iris data : %d\n", num);
printf ("avg. sepal length: %f\n", avg.sl);
printf ("avg. sepal width : %f\n", avg.sw);
printf ("avg. petal length: %f\n", avg.pl);
printf ("avg. petal width : %f\n", avg.pw);
return 0;
}
q9-2.c
/* code: q9-2.c (v1.20.00) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ROW 256
#define COL 256
#define FILTER_SIZE 3
struct pgm
{
int row;
int col;
int max;
float pixel[ROW][COL];
};
typedef struct pgm PGM_TYPE;
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void pgm_read (PGM_TYPE *image, char *filename)
{
FILE *infile;
int i, j;
char magic_number[32];
if (NULL == (infile = fopen (filename, "r"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can not open file [%s]", filename);
exit (-1);
}
fscanf (infile, "%s", magic_number);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->col);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->row);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->max);
printf ("image:%s [%dx%d] (%d)\n",
magic_number, image->col, image->row, image->max);
if (strcmp ("P2", magic_number)) {
fprintf (stderr, "Not PGM(P2) file!");
exit (-2);
}
for (i = 0; i < image->row; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < image->col; j++) {
fscanf (infile, "%f", &image->pixel[i][j]);
}
}
fclose (infile);
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void pgm_write (PGM_TYPE *image, char *filename)
{
FILE *outfile;
int i, j;
if (NULL == (outfile = fopen (filename, "w"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can not open file [%s]", filename);
exit (-1);
}
fprintf (outfile, "%s\n", "P2");
fprintf (outfile, "%d ", image->col);
fprintf (outfile, "%d \n", image->row);
fprintf (outfile, "%d \n", image->max);
for (i = 0; i < image->row; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < image->col; j++) {
fprintf (outfile, "%2d ", (int) image->pixel[i][j]);
}
fprintf (outfile, "\n");
}
fclose (outfile);
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void convolution (PGM_TYPE *image_input, PGM_TYPE *image_output)
{
int i, j, k, l, px, py, sum;
float dsum;
float filter[FILTER_SIZE][FILTER_SIZE] = {
{-1.0, -1.0, -1.0},
{-1.0, +8.0, -1.0},
{-1.0, -1.0, -1.0}
};
image_output->row = image_input->row;
image_output->col = image_input->col;
image_output->max = image_input->max;
px = (FILTER_SIZE - 1) / 2;
py = (FILTER_SIZE - 1) / 2;
dsum = 0;
for (i = 0 + px; i < image_input->row - px; i++) {
for (j = 0 + py; j < image_input->col - py; j++) {
dsum = 0.0;
for (k = 0; k < FILTER_SIZE; k++) {
for (l = 0; l < FILTER_SIZE; l++) {
dsum += filter[k][l] * image_input->pixel[i - px + k][j - py + l];
}
}
sum = (int) dsum;
if (sum > image_input->max) {
sum = image_input->max;
}
if (sum < 0) {
sum = 0;
}
image_output->pixel[i][j] = sum;
}
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
int main ()
{
PGM_TYPE *pgm_input;
PGM_TYPE *pgm_output;
pgm_input = malloc (sizeof (PGM_TYPE));
pgm_output = malloc (sizeof (PGM_TYPE));
pgm_read (pgm_input, "sample.pgm");
convolution (pgm_input, pgm_output);
pgm_write (pgm_output, "q9-2-laplacian8.pgm");
free (pgm_input);
free (pgm_output);
return 0;
}
q9-3.c
/* code: q9-3.c (v1.20.00) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ROW 256
#define COL 256
#define FILTER_SIZE 3
struct pgm
{
int row;
int col;
int max;
float pixel[ROW][COL];
};
typedef struct pgm PGM_TYPE;
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void pgm_read (PGM_TYPE *image, char *filename)
{
FILE *infile;
int i, j;
char magic_number[32];
if (NULL == (infile = fopen (filename, "r"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can not open file [%s]", filename);
exit (-1);
}
fscanf (infile, "%s", magic_number);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->col);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->row);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->max);
printf ("image:%s [%dx%d] (%d)\n",
magic_number, image->col, image->row, image->max);
if (strcmp ("P2", magic_number)) {
fprintf (stderr, "Not PGM(P2) file!");
exit (-2);
}
for (i = 0; i < image->row; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < image->col; j++) {
fscanf (infile, "%f", &image->pixel[i][j]);
}
}
fclose (infile);
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void pgm_write (PGM_TYPE *image, char *filename)
{
FILE *outfile;
int i, j;
if (NULL == (outfile = fopen (filename, "w"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can not open file [%s]", filename);
exit (-1);
}
fprintf (outfile, "%s\n", "P2");
fprintf (outfile, "%d ", image->col);
fprintf (outfile, "%d \n", image->row);
fprintf (outfile, "%d \n", image->max);
for (i = 0; i < image->row; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < image->col; j++) {
fprintf (outfile, "%2d ", (int) image->pixel[i][j]);
}
fprintf (outfile, "\n");
}
fclose (outfile);
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void convolution (PGM_TYPE *image_input, PGM_TYPE *image_output)
{
int i, j, k, l, px, py, sum;
float dsum;
float filter[FILTER_SIZE][FILTER_SIZE] = {
{0.0, -1.0, -2.0},
{1.0, 0.0, -1.0},
{2.0, 1.0, 0.0}
};
image_output->row = image_input->row;
image_output->col = image_input->col;
image_output->max = image_input->max;
px = (FILTER_SIZE - 1) / 2;
py = (FILTER_SIZE - 1) / 2;
dsum = 0;
for (i = 0 + px; i < image_input->row - px; i++) {
for (j = 0 + py; j < image_input->col - py; j++) {
dsum = 0.0;
for (k = 0; k < FILTER_SIZE; k++) {
for (l = 0; l < FILTER_SIZE; l++) {
dsum += filter[k][l] * image_input->pixel[i - px + k][j - py + l];
}
}
sum = (int) dsum;
if (sum > image_input->max) {
sum = image_input->max;
}
if (sum < 0) {
sum = 0;
}
image_output->pixel[i][j] = sum;
}
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
int main ()
{
PGM_TYPE *pgm_input;
PGM_TYPE *pgm_output;
pgm_input = malloc (sizeof (PGM_TYPE));
pgm_output = malloc (sizeof (PGM_TYPE));
pgm_read (pgm_input, "sample.pgm");
convolution (pgm_input, pgm_output);
pgm_write (pgm_output, "q9-3-sobel-d.pgm");
free (pgm_input);
free (pgm_output);
return 0;
}
q9-4.c
/* code: q9-4.c (v1.20.00) */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define ROW 256
#define COL 256
#define FILTER_SIZE 3
struct pgm
{
int row;
int col;
int max;
float pixel[ROW][COL];
};
typedef struct pgm PGM_TYPE;
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void pgm_read (PGM_TYPE *image, char *filename)
{
FILE *infile;
int i, j;
char magic_number[32];
if (NULL == (infile = fopen (filename, "r"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can not open file [%s]", filename);
exit (-1);
}
fscanf (infile, "%s", magic_number);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->col);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->row);
fscanf (infile, "%d", &image->max);
printf ("image:%s [%dx%d] (%d)\n",
magic_number, image->col, image->row, image->max);
if (strcmp ("P2", magic_number)) {
fprintf (stderr, "Not PGM(P2) file!");
exit (-2);
}
for (i = 0; i < image->row; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < image->col; j++) {
fscanf (infile, "%f", &image->pixel[i][j]);
}
}
fclose (infile);
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void pgm_write (PGM_TYPE *image, char *filename)
{
FILE *outfile;
int i, j;
if (NULL == (outfile = fopen (filename, "w"))) {
fprintf (stderr, "Can not open file [%s]", filename);
exit (-1);
}
fprintf (outfile, "%s\n", "P2");
fprintf (outfile, "%d ", image->col);
fprintf (outfile, "%d \n", image->row);
fprintf (outfile, "%d \n", image->max);
for (i = 0; i < image->row; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < image->col; j++) {
fprintf (outfile, "%2d ", (int) image->pixel[i][j]);
}
fprintf (outfile, "\n");
}
fclose (outfile);
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
void convolution (PGM_TYPE *image_input, PGM_TYPE *image_output)
{
int i, j, k, l, px, py, sum;
float dsum;
float filter[FILTER_SIZE][FILTER_SIZE] =
{ {1.00 / 16.00, 2.00 / 16.00, 1.00 / 16.00},
{2.00 / 16.00, 4.00 / 16.00, 2.00 / 16.00},
{1.00 / 16.00, 2.00 / 16.00, 1.00 / 16.00}
};
image_output->row = image_input->row;
image_output->col = image_input->col;
image_output->max = image_input->max;
px = (FILTER_SIZE - 1) / 2;
py = (FILTER_SIZE - 1) / 2;
dsum = 0;
for (i = 0 + px; i < image_input->row - px; i++) {
for (j = 0 + py; j < image_input->col - py; j++) {
dsum = 0.0;
for (k = 0; k < FILTER_SIZE; k++) {
for (l = 0; l < FILTER_SIZE; l++) {
dsum += filter[k][l] * image_input->pixel[i - px + k][j - py + l];
}
}
sum = (int) dsum;
if (sum > image_input->max) {
sum = image_input->max;
}
if (sum < 0) {
sum = 0;
}
image_output->pixel[i][j] = sum;
}
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------- */
int main ()
{
PGM_TYPE *pgm_input;
PGM_TYPE *pgm_output;
pgm_input = malloc (sizeof (PGM_TYPE));
pgm_output = malloc (sizeof (PGM_TYPE));
pgm_read (pgm_input, "sample.pgm");
convolution (pgm_input, pgm_output);
pgm_write (pgm_output, "q9-4-gaussian.pgm");
free (pgm_input);
free (pgm_output);
return 0;
}
EOF